It allowed me to compare different vaccine protocols to mitigate viral and bacterial pathogens, providing me with a new perspective on my research topic. Moreover, I was gladly surprised by the diverse backgrounds of the assistants, including researchers, veterinarians, and company representatives. Their kindness and good disposition enrich the discussions every time. 

During the conference, I also learned about the fundamental differences between beef and milk production in the USA. It was fascinating to observe the distinct management styles and current challenges that both production systems face. When it was my turn to present our results of Salmonella Dublin vaccination in dry cows, I felt a sense of belonging and confidence, surrounded by these new and familiar faces. And, as always, Katy and Dr. Abuelo's support was a comforting presence.  

I highly recommend the AABP conference because it perfectly integrates research with its application to cattle production. This is particularly important in academia, where it can be challenging to directly observe the impact of our findings and recommendations on the animals and the production. 

We also attended an immunology pre-conference seminar, which provided a great opportunity to revisit core immunology concepts and dive into current hot topics. My favorite part of the seminar was the final day’s discussions, where audience members submitted topics for open conversation. The group included practicing veterinarians, industry researchers, and technical service reps, bringing diverse perspectives that led to dynamic and engaging discussions.

For graduate students, attending a conference like this offers more than just a chance to present research. It’s an invaluable opportunity to network with professionals from various fields, gain insights from experts, and explore career possibilities. The interactive format and small group setting fostered connections that will be critical as I transition into an independent career, providing both mentorship and collaboration opportunities. 

The last few months have been filled with major accomplishments. In July, I finished writing my dissertation titled “Antioxidant Supplementation for Immunity, Growth, and Health of Dairy Calves” which documents the research I have been doing for the past two years. Shortly after in August, I defended my thesis, presenting my research to my committee, colleagues, and college members. While stressful, the day of my defense was filled with so much love and support from my peers. After successfully defending, I prepared for graduation by formatting and submitting my dissertation for publication. The process of formatting was tedious; however, I am so excited to see the printed copy of my work! As of last week, I can officially say I have completed my master’s program, concluding the most challenging yet rewarding two years. Thankfully, I will be sticking around a little longer, finishing up some work to get my literature review and research article published in a peer reviewed journal. I will also be submitting veterinary school applications in a few weeks, and I am so excited to begin this new chapter. While you will still find me around the lab, more sleep and a little fun will fill my schedule. Especially because it’s now fall…. My favorite time of year!

For any student considering a graduate research program who might be hesitant about the writing it entails, or even those who are about to begin writing, you can do it. Grab a large coffee (or a few), your four-legged friend if you have one (borrow one if not), and just start. The hardest part about writing is starting it, but you are documenting all YOUR hard work, let that shine. Don’t forget to celebrate the wins, big and small. Hold your people close and enjoy every moment because it goes by fast.

After embarking on a journey through the intricate landscapes of veterinary vaccinology, the time has come! My first oral presentation was every day closer. We spend hours and hours determining the best route to present the data, much like we were finding the best routes to vaccinate, finding the correct times not to bore the audience, and formulating the best connectors to enhance the power of our presentations as we do with adjuvants, and finally, as vaccine development demands precision, learning the critical difference between the words shedding and shredding.

At first glance, the situation looked entirely out of my comfort zone, beyond the pressure and anxiety of presenting, mainly due to the linguistic boundaries I fortify myself against the tide of nerves that threatened me. In retrospect, this was an invaluable experience. Now, I know that the way to generate an adaptative response is by accepting the transformative power of facing challenges.

Also, I must especially mention that the guidance, support, and encouragement of Dr. Abuelo and all my lab mates made my presentation better as immune cells amplify each other's potential to mount a good response. Now, I’m looking forward to the next challenge, carrying a reminder that this is but the first immunization in a series of doses to mount an eloquent and seasoned response in the face of oral presentations (What a bunch of silly immunological jokes and analogies we got here).

           This summer I got to work with a student as part of the FSF summer student program. I have never taken part of a summer research program and have never directly worked with a student who was partaking in a summer research program, so I had zero expectations or assumptions going into this summer. This program includes students who are admitted or enrolled into an accredited veterinary program in the Unites States. Needless to say, the research experience of those that enroll can range from never stepping foot inside of a research laboratory to those who have spent years in research either at the undergraduate or graduate level. I’ve spent about a year and half here at the lab learning new skills and techniques, ranging from cell culture to a simple blood draw via tail stick, and now it was time to put those new skills to the test. The student we were assigned had a lot of small animal experience but never had experience with large animals, including bovine; they also had no past research experience. This meant I was provided with the unique opportunity of teaching a student a completely new set of skills in a short period of time, with my newly acquired skills. The extent of which I got to teach our student includes proper bovine management, blood collection via tail vein, proper laboratory techniques (ranging from lab safety to basic pipetting),cell isolation, cell culture, and a variety of assays using either flow cytometry or plate readers. On top of all this, I was also learning these specific assays for the first time and learning how to isolate neutrophils, as these were our target cells for the project. This provided another unique challenge of both learning and teaching at the same time.

It was slow at first as finding the best method for neutrophil isolation proved difficult, although we were able to complete our goal. Then, we moved on to validating our assays with our target cells. This also was a long project as it required us to master each assay to ensure we could replicate it later on in the project. However, by the time we finished validating our neutrophil isolation, treatment groups, and assays, the summer had come and gone. We were able to completely validate all that needed to be validated but sadly could not finish to the point of final results. I believe this summer was a learning experience for both me and our summer student as they got to learn a lot about laboratory science and research, and they certainly learned a lot about cows, whereas I got to assume a leadership role where I both taught a student entirely new skills while I also learned new skills myself. My final comments on this experience was that it was a unique learning opportunity that proved to be very difficult, as it required very quick learning and interpreting as well as a great deal of patience, but in the end it greatly expanded my skillset and leadership skills.

am humbled and excited to announce that my United States Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA) Predoctoral Fellowship “Harnessing the antioxidant potential of zinc and metallothionein to improve neonatal dairy calf vaccine responsiveness” was funded! This fellowship is part of the USDA NIFA’s Education and Workforce Development Program from the Agriculture and Food Resource Initiative (AFRI) which provides $68 million in funding for agriculture related projects in the six program areas listed below. 

1. professional development opportunities for K-14 educational professionals  
2. non-formal education that cultivates food and agricultural interest in youth 
3. workforce training at community, junior, and technical colleges  
4. training of undergraduate students in research and extension 
5. fellowships for predoctoral candidates and postdoctoral scholars  
6. special workforce development topics. 

This grant will provide me with $180K in funding over the next 3 years to continue my work enhancing dairy health through optimizing calf immunity. This fellowship supports my stipend, travel, research and professional development opportunities. For example the fellowship allocates an international research travel allowance which will allow me to travel internationally to learn new laboratory techniques and train in a unique environment.

This has been a productive week for the lab in terms of publication outputs! Three articles from our work have seen the light of day this week:

In a collaboration with Dr. Mann from Cornell University, we have described how we designed and built a continuing education program for early-career bovine veterinarians to support early graduates in their first years in practice.

• Abuelo, A. and S. Mann. 2023. Development of a bovine continuing education program for early-career veterinarians to address clinical service shortage. J. Dairy Sci. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22800

Featuring the work that Patrick Crannell completed during his Summer Food Systems Fellowship experience in the lab, we have described the impact of passive immunity of calves in their health, growth, and future performance.

• Crannell, P. and A. Abuelo. 2023. Comparison of calf morbidity, mortality, and future performance across categories of passive immunity: A retrospective cohort study in a dairy herd. J. Dairy Sci. http://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2022-22567
  

Last but not least, former postdoctoral associate Dr. Ana Velasquez-Munoz's article investigating the impact of the dam's energy deficit status on their offspring health, growth and performance was also published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science. Ana is now an Assistant Professor in the Catholic University of Temuco, Chile.

• Velasquez-Munoz, A., E. J. Schuurmans, J. L. Brester, K. Starken, and A. Abuelo. 2023. Association of maternal late-gestation lipid mobilization and their offspring's disease risk during the pre-weaned period and performance through first lactation: A cohort study in a dairy herd. Front. Vet. Sci. 10. http://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.110242
  

HAPPY READING!

The lab traveled to Chicago this weekend for the Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD). The students had the opportunity to learn about the interesting research happening at other universities as well as learn from leaders in the field at the American Association of Veterinary Immunologists (AAVI) Symposium. Students also had the opportunity to share their research and practice scientific communication skills during the poster symposium. Conferences offer great opportunities for graduate students to meet new people and network and this conference was no exception! Abuelo lab members had a great time getting to know the McGill lab from Iowa State University, who knows what collaborations might come out of these new friendships. The trip ended with a sweet trip to Ghirardelli for ice cream! Overall, everyone had a great time learning and sharing their research with like-minded individuals who are passionate about improving animal health and welfare!

I submitted my first USDA grant for a predoctoral fellowship for my proposed PhD project using zinc to enhance lymphocyte functions relevant to vaccination in dairy calves. If awarded, this grant will provide me funding for the next 3 years of my PhD and allow me to participate in personal growth opportunities such as an international experience in London, UK studying zinc redox biology. This experience gave me the opportunity to improve my written communication skills, grantsmanship, and the importance of comma placement (although my advisor might argue that I still have a long road ahead on this...). I have been working tirelessly (that’s a lie, I am very tired) on this grant for months and am anxiously awaiting a response from the USDA. While I appreciate everything I learned in the writing process, I am excited to get back to the bench!
 
In reflection, I have some advice for future grant writers about the writing process.

1. Don’t give up! Writing is hard but the first and last drafts are always the hardest.
2. Try editing back to front! Often times in the later stages of editing you have memorized so much of the text that you begin to skip over details and miss things but starting at the end and working your way towards the beginning can help.
3. Write every day, even if it’s only 1 sentence. It takes a lot of effort to get into the writing mindset once you’re there don’t lose it!
4. Find what motivates you and use it! For me it was having a bucket of candy close by (which is why I now have to spend all of my free time at the gym).